¿Uniéndose al club? Comparación del énfasis en el Norte y el Sur Global en la diplomacia de cumbres de Sudáfrica, Brasil, China e India (1998-2019)
Autores
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Maria Clara Silva Lage
Universidad Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE)
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6180-4868
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Rafael Mesquita
Universidade Federal de Pernambuco
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6042-1606
Resumo
El estatus es un factor importante para las potencias emergentes del Sur Global que buscan aumentar su posición internacional mediante la revisión de la jerarquía global. Al mismo tiempo, tienen que elegir entre estrategias internacionales: imitar, desafiar o seguir alternativas de movilidad internacional en relación con las grandes potencias. Frente a este dilema, ¿cuánto han priorizado las potencias emergentes al Sur y al Norte Globales a lo largo del tiempo? Sabiendo que la diplomacia presidencial es uno de los marcadores de estatus del sistema internacional contemporáneo, este estudio probó la siguiente hipótesis: las organizaciones internacionales del Sur Global recibieron, en promedio, más visitas de jefes de estado/gobierno de potencias emergentes que otros tipos de organizaciones. Monitoreamos la diplomacia presidencial de Sudáfrica, Brasil, China e India entre 1998 y 2019. El número de visitas de jefes de estado/gobierno se recopiló a través de bases de datos secundarias, Rising Powers Diplomatic Network y China Visits. La hipótesis se contrastó mediante estadística descriptiva, generando una métrica longitudinal estable para monitorear el grado de priorización entre destinos del Norte o del Sur por parte de los cuatro países analizados. Los resultados indican que el promedio de visitas al Sur Global fue mayor para Sudáfrica (59,9 % de las visitas), Brasil (55,7 %), China (53,3 %), pero no para India (44,4 %). Los hallazgos indican que las potencias emergentes, en general, priorizaron los destinos del Sur Global en comparación con los del Norte Global, lo que valida nuestra hipótesis de trabajo.
Palavras-chave:
Potencias emergentes, Diplomacia presidencial, Estatus internacional, Organizaciones internacionales, Sur GlobalReferências
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