i
Convocatoria V22_N43 (diciembre 2024):Los desafíos de la gobernanza multinivel en América Latina.Nuevo plazo de recepción: 03 de mayo de 2024.
Llamado abierto a postular temáticas y liderar dossier temáticos_N° 44 y 45 año 2025: Quienes se encuentren interesados/as o tengan dudas/consultas pueden escribir o enviar su postulación al correo reggp@gobierno.uchile.cl con un máximo de 1000 palabras. Los y las esperamos!
Convocatoria libre Revista Estado, Gobierno y Gestión Pública, abre la recepción de manuscritos de investigación libre, solo deben señalar en su envío que postulan a esta sección.
Presidentes débiles y ministras presentes: La representación de género en los gabinetes de América Latina 1999-2019
Autores/as
-
Anabella Molina
Universidad de Buenos Aires
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7394-8589
Resumen
La representación de género en los gabinetes presidenciales ha sido poco explorada desde una perspectiva comparada que incluya un amplio conjunto de países en un período extenso de tiempo. En los últimos 20 años, en América Latina convivieron gabinetes paritarios, junto con otros con escasa representación. Este trabajo se propone indagar en los condicionantes que llevan a los presidentes a conformar gabinetes más representativos. Para responder a esto se realiza un estudio estadístico que observa los gabinetes iniciales ampliados de 18 países de América Latina desde el año 1999 hasta el 2019. Se aplica un índice de participación de género que considera no solo el número de mujeres, sino también el género y la relevancia de las carteras a las que son designadas. Se encuentra que los presidentes con menor apoyo legislativo seleccionan estrategias de apertura, en las cuales designan a más mujeres con el objeto de ampliar su apoyo político y enviar señales a amplios sectores del electorado.Palabras clave:
Gabinetes presidenciales, paridad de género, apoyo legislativo, ministeriosReferencias
Adams, M., Scherpereel, J., & Jacob, S. (2016). The Representation of Women in African Legislatures and Cabinets: An Examination with Reference to Ghana. Journal of Women, Politics & Policy, 37(2), 145–167. https://doi.org/10.1080/1554477X.2016.1152830
Amorim Neto, O. (2006). The Presidential Calculus: Executive Policy Making and Cabinet Formation in the Americas. Comparative Political Studies, 39(4), 415–440. https://doi.org/10.1177/0010414005282381
Annesley, C. (2015). Rules of Ministerial Recruitment. Politics & Gender, 11(4), 618–642. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1743923X15000434
Arriola, L. R., & Johnson, M. C. (2014). Ethnic Politics and Women’s Empowerment in Africa: Ministerial Appointments to Executive Cabinets. American Journal of Political Science, 58(2), 495–510. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajps.12075
Atchison, A. (2015). The Impact of Female Cabinet Ministers on a Female-Friendly Labor Environment. Journal of Women, Politics and Policy, 36(4), 388–414. https://doi.org/10.1080/1554477X.2015.1082882
Avedaño, O., & Dávila, M. (2017). Together we govern Portfolio allocation in Chile (1990–2014). En En Government Formation and Minister Turnover in Presidential Cabinets (pp. 90–110). Routledge.
Barnes, T. D., Ciocci, T., & Lopreite, D. (2019). Evaluación de la presencia de mujeres en gabinetes subnacionales de Argentina (1992-2016). Revista de Ciencia Política, 39(1), 1–23. https://doi.org/10.4067/s0718-090x2019000100023
Barnes, T. D., & Jones, M. P. (2011). Latin America. En Women in Executive Power (pp. 105–121). Routledge.
Barnes, T. D., & O’Brien, D. Z. (2018). Defending the Realm: The Appointment of Female Defense Ministers Worldwide. American Journal of Political Science, 62(2), 355–368. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajps.12337
Basabe-Serrano, S. (2020). La sub representación de mujeres en gabinetes ministeriales: El caso ecuatoriano en perspectiva comparada, 1979–2015. Latin American Research Review, 55(1), 31–48. https://doi.org/10.25222/larr.204
Baumann, M., Bäck, H., & Davidsson, J. B. (2019). Double Standards: The Role of Gender and Intraparty Politics in Swedish Cabinet Appointments. Politics & Gender, 15(4), 882–911. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1743923X18000673
Bego, I. (2014). Accessing Power in New Democracies: The Appointment of Female Ministers in Postcommunist Europe. Political Research Quarterly, 67(2), 347–360. https://doi.org/10.1177/1065912913509028
Bonvecchi, A., & Scartascini, C. (2014). The Organization of the Executive Branch in Latin America: What We Know and What We Need to Know. Latin American Politics and Society, 56(1), 144–165. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1548-2456.2014.00222.x
Brambor, T., Clark, W. R., & Golder, M. (2006). Understanding Interaction Models: Improving Empirical Analyses. Political Analysis, 14(1), 63–82.
Camerlo, M. (2013). Gabinetes de partido único y democracias presidenciales. Indagaciones a partir del caso Argentino. America Latina Hoy, 64, 119–142. https://doi.org/10.14201/alh.10245
Camerlo, M., & Martínez-Gallardo, C. (2017). Government formation and minister turnover in presidential cabinets: Comparative analysis in the Americas. En Government Formation and Minister Turnover in Presidential Cabinets: Comparative Analysis in the Americas. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315466491
Canelo, P. V. (2020). Gabinetes generizados. La participación de las mujeres en el ejecutivo nacional y subnacional argentino (2011-2019. Revista Perspectivas de Políticas Públicas, 10(19), 151–172. https://doi.org/10.18294/rppp.2020.3329
Canelo, P. V. (2021). Género y poder en Argentina. Las elites ejecutivas de Fernández de Kirchner, Macri y Fernández. América Latina Hoy, 87, 127–150. https://doi.org/10.14201/alh.23821
Claveria, S. (2014). Still a «Male Business»? Explaining Women’s Presence in Executive Office. West European Politics, 37(5), 1156–1176. https://doi.org/10.1080/01402382.2014.911479
Coppedge, S., Gerring, J., Knutsen, C. H., Lindberg, S. I., Teorell, J., Altman, D., Bernhard, M., Fish, M. S., Glynn, A., Hicken, A., Marquardt, K. L., Mcmann, K., Paxton, P., Pemstein, D., Seim, B., Sigman, R., Skaaning, S., Staton, J., Cornell, A., & Uberti, L. (2020). Country Coding Unit V10. V-Dem Working Paper Forthcoming, V, 10-. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3557893
Escobar-Lemmon, M. C., & Taylor-Robinson, M. M. (2005). Women Ministers in Latin American Government: When, Where, and Why? American Journal of Political Science, 49(4), 829–844.
Escobar-Lemmon, M. C., & Taylor-Robinson, M. M. (2016). Women in presidential cabinets: Power players or abundant tokens? Oxford University Press.
Escobar-Lemmon, M., & Taylor-Robinson, M. M. (2009). Getting to the Top: Career Paths of Women in Latin American Cabinets. Political Research Quarterly, 62(4), 685–699.
Field, B. N. (2020). Ministers, Gender and Political Appointments. Government and Opposition, 56(4), 722–743. https://doi.org/10.1017/gov.2020.10
Franceschet, S., & Thomas, G. (2015). Resisting Parity: Gender and Cabinet Appointments in Chile and Spain. Politics & Gender, 11(4), 643–664. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1743923X15000392
Gatto, M. A. C., Santos, P. A. G., & Wylie, K. N. (2022). Gendering Coalitional Presidentialism in Brazil. Journal of Politics in Latin America, 14(3), 311–337. https://doi.org/10.1177/1866802X221114473
Goddard, D. (2021). Examining the appointment of women to ministerial positions across Europe: 1970–2015. Party Politics, 27(4), 631–643. https://doi.org/10.1177/1354068819878665
Guinand, L. B. M., & Botero, F. (2018). Bait and Switch? Portfolio allocation in Colombia (1958—2014). 139–158.
Högström, J. (2012). Women’s Representation in National Politics in the World’s Democratic Countries: A Research Note. Journal of Women, Politics & Policy, 33(3), 263–279. https://doi.org/10.1080/1554477X.2012.694779
Jacob, S., Scherpereel, J. A., & Adams, M. (2014). Gender Norms and Women’s Political Representation: A Global Analysis of Cabinets, 1979-2009. Governance, 27(2), 321–345. https://doi.org/10.1111/gove.12044
Katz, J. N., & King, G. (1999). A Statistical Model for Multiparty Electoral Data. American Political Science Review, 93(1), 15–32. https://doi.org/10.2307/2585758
Kroeger, A., & Kang, A. J. (2022). The Appointment of Women to Authoritarian Cabinets in Africa. Government and Opposition, 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1017/gov.2022.32
Krook, M. L., & O’Brien, D. Z. (2012). All the president’s men? The appointment of female cabinet ministers worldwide. Journal of Politics, 74(3), 840–855. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022381612000382
Liu, S.-J. S., & Banaszak, L. A. (2017). Do Government Positions Held by Women Matter? A Cross-National Examination of Female Ministers’ Impacts on Women’s Political Participation. Politics & Gender, 13(01), 132–162. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1743923X16000490
Luna, E., Roza, V., & Vega, G. (2008). El camino hacia el poder: Ministras latinoamericanas.
Martínez-Gallardo, C. (2014). Designing Cabinets: Presidential Politics and Ministerial Instability. Journal of Politics in Latin America, 6(2), 3–38. https://doi.org/10.1177/1866802X1400600201
Monogan, J. (2015). Political Analysis Using R. Springer.
Murillo, M. V., Oliveros, V., & Vaishnav, M. (2010). Electoral revolut ion or democratic alternation? Latin American Research Review, 45(3), 87–114.
O’Brien, D. Z., Mendez, M., Peterson, J. C., & Shin, J. (2015). Letting Down the Ladder or Shutting the Door: Female Prime Ministers, Party Leaders, and Cabinet Ministers. Politics & Gender, 11(4), 689–717. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1743923X15000410
Olivares, A. (2022). Survival of Ministers and Configuration of Cabinets in Chile and Uruguay. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-92802-5
Phillips, A. (1994). Democracy and Representation who our representatives are? Feminism & politics, 224–240.
Rashkova, E. R., & Zankina, E. (2019). Ministerial Politics in Southeastern Europe: Appointment and Portfolio Allocation to Female Ministers. Politics & Gender, 15(02), 211–239. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1743923X18001071
Reyes-Housholder, C. (2016). Presidentas Rise: Consequences for Women in Cabinets? Latin American Politics and Society, 58(3), 3–25. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1548-2456.2016.00316.x
Reynolds, A. (1999). Women in the Legislatures and Executives of the World: Knocking at the Highest Glass Ceiling. World Politics, 51(4), 547–572. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0043887100009254
Siaroff, A. (2000). Women’s Representation in Legislatures and Cabinets in Industrial Democracies. International Political Science Review, 21(2), 197–215. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192512100212005
Sotomayor Valarezo, P., & Huertas-Hernández, S. (2017). Mujeres en gabinetes ministeriales. Un estudio de Ecuador desde el retorno a la democracia (1979-2015). Política. Revista de Ciencia Política, 55(2), 7–32.
Sotomayor Valarezo, P., & Huertas-Hernández, S. (2021). El camino hacia los gabinetes ministeriales: Un estudio de los factores que influyen en la designación de mujeres ministras en Ecuador y Colombia, 1978-2018. Colombia Internacional, 105, 29–55. https://doi.org/10.7440/colombiaint105.2021.02
Stockemer, D. (2017). The Proportion of Women in Legislatures and Cabinets: What is the Empirical Link? Polity, 49(3), 434–460. https://doi.org/10.1086/692491
Stockemer, D., & Sundström, A. (2018). Women in cabinets: The role of party ideology and government turnover. Party Politics, 24(6), 663–673. https://doi.org/10.1177/1354068817689954
Studlar, D. T., & Moncrief, G. F. (1997). The Recruitment of Women Cabinet Ministers in the Canadian Provinces. Governance, 10(1), 67–81. https://doi.org/10.1111/0952-1895.291996029
Teorell, J., Charron, N., Dahlberg, S., Holmberg, S., Rothstein, B., Sundin, P., & Svensson, R. (2013). The Qog Standard Dataset. 504. https://doi.org/10.18157/QoGStdJan16
Tremblay, M. (2012). Women’s Access to Cabinets in Canada: Assessing the Role of Some Institutional Variables. 6(2).
Whitford, A. B., Wilkins, V. M., & Ball, M. G. (2007). Descriptive Representation and Policymaking Authority: Evidence from Women in Cabinets and Bureaucracies. Governance, 20(4), 559–580. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0491.2007.00372.x
Zimmer, L. (1988). Tokenism and Women in the Workplace: The Limits of Gender-Neutral Theory. Social Problems, 35(1), 64–77. https://doi.org/10.1525/sp.1988.35.1.03a00050
